ABSTRACT
El creciente número de técnicas radiográficas realizadas por paciente para diagnóstico y planificación provoca un aumento en el número de hallazgos incidentales. La descripción de un hallazgo incidental puede desencadenar atención médica adicional, que incluye otros procedimientos y tratamientos de diagnóstico, con lo cual, en muchas ocasiones es necesario derivar al paciente para tratar la patología descubierta en forma incidental. La CBCT puede ayudar a detectar la presencia de lesión periapical no diagnosticada previamente, donde la evaluación clínica previa y las radiografías convencionales no han revelado la patología. La patología asintomática u oculta puede conducir a un diagnóstico tardío, lo que puede afectar negativamente las posibles estrategias de tratamiento y los resultados. La detección temprana y la precisión diagnóstica son esenciales. La CBCT es una técnica que proporciona vistas de zonas anatómicas con las cuales la mayoría de los odontólogos no están familiarizados y que pueden revelar patología oculta, permitiendo diagnósticos más precisos y confiables, y reduciendo así la posibilidad de perder la patología clínicamente relevante. Este articulo trata de sintetizar las ventajas del uso de la tomografía para diagnosticar el hallazgo incidental (AU)
The increasing number of radiographic techniques performed by the patient for diagnosis and planning causes an increase the number of incidental findings. The description of an unexpected finding can trigger additional medical care including, other diagnostic procedures and treatments, therefore, in many occasions it is necessary to refer the patient to treat the pathology discovered incidentally. CBCT may aid in detecting the presence of previously undiagnosed periapical disease, where prior clinical evaluation and conventional radiographs have failed to reveal pathology. Asymptomatic or occult pathology may lead to delayed diagnosis, which may adversely affect eventual treatment strategies and outcomes. Early detection and improved diagnostic accuracy are essential, also, provide views of anatomy that most dentists have never before seen; in addition, they may reveal occult pathology, enabling more accurate and reliable diagnoses thereby reducing the possibility of missing clinically relevant disease (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Incidental Findings , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Periapical Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Dental/methods , Radiography, PanoramicABSTRACT
La caries dental se refiere a una patología que se caracteriza por la desmineralización progresiva, pasando por las primeras manifestaciones clínicas, hasta la pérdida del tejido dental propiamente dicho. El diagnóstico de la caries dental se limitaba únicamente a un punto final, la cavidad y la pérdida dental y no como en la actualidad, que se considera como todo un proceso de enfermedad. Sin embargo actualmente continúa siendo un problema de salud pública. El correcto diagnóstico de la caries dental es fundamental para disminuir este asunto, incluyendo áreas de difícil acceso como son las lesiones cariosas proximales. Realizar el diagnóstico clínico visual en la superficie interproximal es casi imposible, y en muchos casos se dan falsos negativos a la hora de realizar los diagnósticos; por lo tanto, es necesario utilizar métodos complementarios como la radiografía de aleta. En el presente estudio se utilizaron tanto el método clínico visual ICDAS II "(Sistema Internacional para la Detección y Evaluación de Caries), como el método diagnóstico radiográfico. Al realizar el examen clínico visual de las superficies proximales de las molares temporales, se utilizaron separadores de ortodoncia que lograron la separación temporal de las piezas, de manera que permitió un espacio físico para facilitar la valoración clínica y a su vez se implementó el ICDAS II " como instrumento para la evaluación de los niveles de severidad del proceso carioso en las diferentes superficies; de igual manera se tomaron radiografías de aleta en las mismas superficies dentales, valoradas con el examen clínico visual. El objetivo principal fue determinar la prevalencia de lesiones proximales en molares temporales, de acuerdo con los criterios de valoración y detección de caries ICDAS II y su correlación con el diagnóstico de la misma lesión observada con el método radiográfico. De las superficies observadas con el método diagnóstico clínico visual con separadores un 18,7% presentó superficies lesionadas con caries dental, mientras que con el método diagnóstico radiográfico mostró un 22,5% de superficies lesionadas con caries dental; se encontró una asociación fuerte entre el diagnóstico clínico visual y el radiográfico, con una probabilidad de 91,1% de hallar los mismos resultados con significancia estadística.
Tooth decay refers to a condition characterized by progressive demineralization, through the first clinical manifestations, to loss of tooth structure itself. The diagnosis of dental caries was limited only to an endpoint, cavity and at last, tooth loss. Now days it is considered tooth decay as a whole disease process. The disease remains a public health problem. The correct diagnosis of dental caries is essential to diminish this problem, including difficult access areas like the interproximal carious lesions. Performing visual clinical diagnosis in the proximal surface is almost impossible, and in many cases false negatives are given in the diagnosis, so it is necessary to use complementary methods such as x-rays. In this study both the visual clinical method ICDAS II (International Caries Detection and Assessment System) and the radiographic diagnostic method where used. When performing visual clinical examination of the proximal surfaces of molars, orthodontic separators achieved temporary separation of the tooth, so it allowed a physical space to facilitate clinical evaluation andimplemented ICDAS II as an instrument used for evaluating the severity levels of caries process in different areas; x rays were taken on the same tooth surfaces, valued with the visual clinical examination. The main objective was to determine the prevalence of interproximal lesions in molars according to the criteria of assessment and detection of ICDAS II caries and its correlation with the diagnosis of the same injury observed with radiographic method. 18.7% Surfaces observed with clinical diagnostic method with orthodontics separators showed surfaces with carious lesions, while the radiographic diagnosis method presented 22.5% of surfaces with carious lesions; a strong association between visual clinical diagnosis and radiographic diagnosis, with a 91.1% probability of finding the same results with statistical significance, allowing a generalization of the results.
ABSTRACT
A dilaceração radicular é uma anomalia de forma dentária, geralmente associada a fatores etiológicos traumáticos, na qual há uma mudança de direção da raiz, onde a parte calcificada é deslocada em relação à parte não calcificada, podendo ocorrer em qualquer ponto ao longo do comprimento radicular, dependendo do estágio da formação radicular quando ocorre o trauma, o local e a intensidade. Esta condição acomete cerca de 3% dos dentes permanentes. O tratamento da dilaceração radicular é controverso e o planejamento é essencial. O objetivo deste trabalho é demostrar a importância das imagens radiográficas e tomográficas para o diagnóstico e planejamento do tratamento da dilaceração radicular por meio de um caso clínico.
The root dilaceration is an anomaly of tooth form, usually associated with traumatic etiological factors, in which there is a change in the direction of the root, where the calcified portion is offset from the not calcified part, and may occur at any point along the length root, depending on the stage of root formation occurs when injured, its location and intensity. This condition affects about 3% of permanent teeth. Treatment of dilaceration root is controversial and planning is essential. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the importance of radiographic and tomographic images for diagnosis and treatment planning of root tearing through a case report.
Subject(s)
Tooth Abnormalities , Radiography , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , ToothABSTRACT
Aim : The aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of furcation involvement in the molars of patients with chronic periodontitis and correlate clinical and radiographic findings. Materials and Methods: Seventy subjects aged 35-69 years enrolled for treatment at a periodontics specialization program in Pernambuco, Brazil (EAP-SCDP-ABO/PE) participated in the study, comprising a total of 350 molars examined. The clinical diagnosis of furcation involvement was performed with a horizontal Nabers probe, whereas the radiographic examination was performed with periapical and bite-wing radiographs. The images were analyzed with an X-ray viewer at 3× magnification. The Chi-square test was used, with the level of significance set at 5%. Results: A total of 64.5% individuals presented with furcation involvement, 43.1% of whom had degree II furcation. A significant association (P = 0.0060) was found between tooth type and frequency of furcation involvement. The first lower and upper molars were affected in 64.5 and 58.5% of cases, respectively. Adequate agreement (0.65) was observed between the clinical and radiographic findings. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the method employed and the results obtained, it may be concluded that the clinical and radiographic examinations performed are effective tools for diagnosing furcation involvement in teeth affected with periodontal disease.
Subject(s)
Aged , Adult , /diagnosis , /diagnostic imaging , Furcation Defects/diagnosis , Furcation Defects/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Periodontitis/complications , Radiography, DentalABSTRACT
Se realizó una investigación descriptiva de 150 menores de 5 años de edad con diagnóstico clínico y radiográfico de neumonía típica condensante -- seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple --, ingresados en la sala de Neumología y en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Polivalente del Hospital Docente Infantil Sur de Santiago de Cuba, de enero a diciembre del 2012. En la serie las variables edad, sexo, gravedad del cuadro clínico y complicaciones asociadas se relacionaron con los resultados de los rayos X de tórax, según localización topográfica, y se obtuvo que 66,6 % de los pacientes presentaba inflamación localizada en el pulmón derecho, predominante en todas las edades, el derrame pleural resultara la complicación más frecuente (8,0 %), que sobresalió en los niños con afectación en el pulmón izquierdo (16,6 %). Aunque primaron las neumonías condensantes en el pulmón derecho, la gravedad del cuadro clínico y las complicaciones resultaron más frecuentes en aquellos que presentaban inflamación del izquierdo.
A descriptive investigation of 150 children under 5 years with clinical and radiographic diagnosis of condensing pneumonia -- selected by means of a simple random sampling --, admitted in the Pneumology room and that of the Progressive Cares to the Severely ill Patient at the Children Southern Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January to December, 2012. In the series the variable age, sex, severity of the clinical pattern and associated complications were related to the results of the thorax X rays, according to topographical localization, and it was obtained that 66.6% of the patients presented located swelling in the right lung, predominant in all ages, the pleural effusion was the most frequent complication (8.0%) which was relevant in the children with a damaged left lung (16.6%). Although the condensing pneumonias prevailed in the right lung, the severity of the clinical pattern and the complications were more frequent in those who presented a swollen left lung.
Subject(s)
Pleural Effusion , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Pneumonia , ChildABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: On retrospective basis, we investigated the detection of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) without radiologic collapse using a modified Yoshida's classification, which was designed by the authors. METHODS: We observed 82 cases in 76 patients with confirmed OVFs without collapse at the thoracolumbar junction. The following factors were measured: age, gender, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), bone mineral density (BMD, mg/cm3), type of a modified Yoshida's classification. The correct diagnosis rate for the presence and location of OVFs and the correct diagnosis rate according to the morphological type by a modified Yoshida's classification of the OVFs were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean BMI was 21.2; mean BMD, 44.1; and T-score, -4.4. As for the four subtypes of anterior cortical morphological change, there were 14 cases of the protruding type, 12 cases of the indented type, 5 cases of the disrupted type and 8 cases of the prow type. As for the three subtypes of endplate depression, there were 20 cases of upper endplate depression, 12 cases of lower endplate depression and 11 cases of endplate slippage type. According to the examiners, there was a significant difference between being informed before and after the modified Yoshida's classification. For the relationship of examiners and the type of fracture, there was a significant difference between being informed before and after the modified Yoshida's classification, particularly in the protruding type and the upper plate type. CONCLUSIONS: A modified Yoshida's classification can be helpful for the diagnosis of OVFs without radiologic collapse in a simple radiograph.